Archive for May, 2012

31
May

Cradles of Civilization in Uzbekistan

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I returned from Uzbekistan a little over a week ago with a nasty bug. It was likely from the few days I spent in Bukhara where the dry desert heat and excessive consumption of lamb and naan got the better of me. Pardon me for the short absence.

Much of the time in Tashkent was spent doing interviews and meetings for the project and I was incredibly lucky to stumble into business delegations and even a Chinese language competition attended by the the Chinese Ambassador to Uzbekistan. The latter was a delightful experience which I will share more next time.

Many people have asked me about Uzbekistan as a tourist destination which I highly recommend if you’re truly curious about Central Asia. It serves an excellant cultural platform with its rich history for the rest of your journey to the surrounding ‘stans’ including Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Samarkand and Bukhara are considered the cradles of civilisation in Central Asia and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world and prospered when the Silk Road was developed. You’d be surprised by how well-trodden the Tashkent-Samarkand-Bukhara (and even Khiva) route was for tourists.

In Samarkand, groups of older French, German, Japanese and Korean tourists thronged Registan, the ancient centre of the city and the Bibi-Khanym Mosque. All of us were stunned by the size and majesty of the three madrasahs: the Ulugh Beg Madrasah, the Tilya-Kori Madrasah and the Sher-Dor Madrasah and marvel at the strong Persian influences in Samarkand architecture and culture.

Islam Karimov had made it a priority to refurbish many of the heritage buildings, including Samarkand which UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List in 2001. I’d say that much of it had been done quite well.

If Samarkand proves to be too “shiny” or done up, you can see a few pre-refurbished mosques and madressas in Bukhara, which is smaller than Samarkand.

The Po-i-Kalan complex, the Ismail Samani mausoleum, Samanid mausoleum  and the Bukhara Fortress, the Ark (which unfortunately is closed for refurbishment which is a shame) are a few of the many spots to really absorb Bhukara’s beauty and history. The desert heat and sun proved to be challenging at times.

Because of the size of the cities and the established tourists spots, you rarely stay more than a few days in the cities. I encountered the same group of Chinese engineers working for Sinopec several times in 2 days in Samarkand, and found ourselves following and then overtaking a group of Danish retirees in Bukhara.

Still, the best part of our tourist activity was starting it on a weekend and seeing hundreds of local Uzbek tourists in their Sunday finest enjoying a family outing.

For those wanting to tease out a possible venture into Central Asia or simply learn a bit more,  pick up a copy of Peter Hopkirk’s “The Great Game”. Ideally, the swashbuckling British and Russian espionage to secure influence over Central Asia of the late 1800s to early 1900s will thoroughly intrigue you.

Alternatively, I recommend picking up a copy of Steppe Magazine which beautifully covers Central Asian’s contemporary and historical culture landscapes. Elegant layouts, compelling writing and beautifully photographed.

18
May

A Xinjiang Trade Fair in Tashkent

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I shared earlier that I was in Uzbekistan doing some documentary work on Chinese influence in Central Asia. Some of my photography has been appearing on the project site ChinainCentralAsia.com where you can read more of my colleague’s work.

By Raffaello and Sue Anne Tay

Published May 17, 2012

Last week, we have been visiting Tashkent, Uzbekistan as part of our ongoing research on Chinese interests in Central Asia.

Fortunately, on the flight here from Beijing, one of us had the good fortune to be seated amidst a boisterous group of 40 Xinjiang businessmen part of a provincial business delegation attending a trade fair in Tashkent. They had been forced to fly through Beijing from Urumqi – a geographically illogical route – due to the fact that there are no direct flights between Tashkent and Urumqi.

At their invitation, we visited the trade fair earlier this week. Held in an old exhibition hall in the outskirts of Tashkent it was a no-frills affair with basic booths lined up four by four. In its fourth year, the Xinjiang Trade Expo was sponsored by the Uzbek Chamber of Commerce, the Xinjiang government, and the bingtuan (the former People’s Liberation Army (PLA)-managed state owned enterprise (SOE) responsible for much of Xinjiang’s industries).

On the Chinese side, the participants were a mix of Xinjiang companies specializing in locally produced goods like Xinjiang snacks of dabanji (the famous big plate chicken), mushrooms, culinary sauces, an array of Uighur style clothing (and some fancily called ‘Turky style’ clothing) and more generic industries like uniforms/garment manufacturing and electronic equipment.

Other key participants were Xinjiang subsidiaries of holdings companies based in Guangzhou as part of the central government’s push for increased domestic investment in China’s less-developed hinterlands. One manager highlighted that they had started this work in the province at the Guangdong provincial government’s request. They were offering potential Uzbek customers property investment opportunities in Kashgar in southern Xinjiang, Chinese electrical gadgets like smartphones and Ipad-knockoffs tailored to the Uighur market (appropriately labeled with an Android character donning a Uighur hat), lightning equipment, police and factory uniforms. Many of the samples on display were manufactured in southern China and shipped to and assembled in Xinjiang.

With the pomp of the opening ceremony behind them, the reception at the Xinjiang Trade Fair when we went was lackluster to say the least. A thin traffic of Uzbek passers-by browsed with fleeting curiosity at what they considered well made but expensive Chinese products.

“The Uzbek market is too small and low-income compared to the vast opportunities we have in Xinjiang,” a uniforms manufacturer salesman named Tan Chao complained. Two locally dressed older Uzbek women stopped by to finger the bright Gortex jackets and browse a catalogue. A listless conversation in stilted Russian began with no conclusive business made.

Like Tan Chao, many of the Xinjiang businessmen were bored by the lack of opportunities offered in the trade fair. When we spoke to a pair of salesmen from an agricultural machinery manufacturer subsidiary of AVIC (the Chinese military aviation SOE), they acknowledged their presence seemed almost futile. Neither spoke Russian nor were there any serious potential clients for the cotton-picking machines they were peddling (Uzbekistan is one of the global top five cotton-producers). They responded to inquirers by waving a sheet with the prices of their equipment carelessly scribbled. Amusingly, curious onlookers seemed more interested in purchasing the model on display rather than the actual machinery.

A manager of a Xinjiang-based electricity infrastructure developer (with affiliation to Siemens) named Liu Zhao was one of the more enthusiastic and serious participants. His company had specially shipped in a landscape model of an electricity grid made up of parts manufactured by their company. Liu spoke fluent Russian thanks to 2 years of study in Almaty, Kazakhstan and extensive experience travelling to the region for work.

Several businessmen we spoke to, including Liu, acknowledged the difficulties of doing business in Uzbekistan. The government welcomed investment but not competition with local industries. Hence, the options for Chinese businesses in Uzbekistan are in the form of trade of specialized Chinese goods to the Uzbek market, attracting Uzbek investment to China and vice versa.

The limited convertibility of the Uzbek currency – 1800 Uzbek som to 1 USD (at the official rate, we were told the unofficial rate was as high as 2800 som to the USD) – was another obstacle. It is prohibited to take earned foreign currency out of the country, meaning you cannot leave with more forex than you arrived. Thus, foreign companies are either compelled to reinvest domestically any Uzbek som profits or absorb foreign exchange losses made via the official foreign exchange centre.

Hence, the dilemma facing Duan Weiming, a Chinese producer of Western suits who had just made a modest sale of several tens of thousands in Uzbek som. He jokingly showed off his cash bundles to his friends. What is he going to do with all the cash he made? We inquired.

“Why, spend it all on dinner, drinks and karaoke!” he boomed smilingly in response. Maybe to go enjoy his new fortune, the group packed up early at four o’clock. With another day at the Xinjiang Trade Fair, the Chinese businessmen were determined to make the best of what remained a slow affair.

08
May

What I am reading this week

Greetings from Tashkent, capital of Uzbekistan! I’m here helping to document a few things as part of the China in Central Asia project headed up by my colleagues Raffaello Pantucci and Alexandros Petersen. You might recall I was in the region last October specifically in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

On my flight from Beijing to Tashkent, I was off to a winning start when I encountered a large group of businessmen from Xinjiang. They certainly made my 6 hour flight quick and entertaining.

I spent much of yesterday photographing them at the Xinjiang Commodities Trade Fair in the outskirts of Tashkent, represented by a wide array of businesses from uniform garments production, cotton picking machines, electricity infrastructure development and Xinjiang’s best delicacies. Above is one Chinese businessmen who after selling a few Western suits showed off his bundles of Uzbek som, which unfortunately cannot be brought outside of the country. With 1800 Uzbek som to 1 USD, an individual bill is almost worthless.

What to do with all of them? I asked him, “Why, spend it all in Tashkent! Dinner, drinks and karaoke!” he boomed in response.

- One of Magnum’s leading photographers Chien-Chi Chang has put together a collection of photographs taken in New York’s Chinatown between 1992-2011 with audio. An estimated 100,000 Chinese people live in the Canal Street area of Manhattan, the largest Chinese community outside of Asia. Chang has spent the past 19 years capturing what goes on behind Chinatown’s façade. You’d be remised if you didn’t check out Chang’s incredible portfolio.

- I’ve been wanted to share this for a while. The debate of camera phone photography continues, this time, aided and abetted by apps like Instagram and Hipstagram. Can it be accepted as photojournalism if the apps dramatically alter the photo? Ben Lowy seems a viable spokeperson considering his stunning collection of Hipstagram photos shot on Iphone.

- Singaporean photographer Sim Chiyin (who is also represented by Vii Photo Agency) captures Burma in the wake of political opening.

- We’ve been seeing a great deal of photo essays on North Korean by foreign journalists following a state sanctioned (and heavily guided) tour. I particularly enjoyed Reuters’ Bobby Yip’s “Window into North Korea” which reflected a rather even view of what the government wanted foreigners to see to the mundane.

Interestingly, an insightful contrast is this edited collection of photos put out by the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA), the state news agency of North Korea, which is very utopian in nature.

- Maura Elizabeth Cunningham discusses the complexities of China’s rural-to-urban migration and reviews a handful of new books, both academic and popular which explore the issue.

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